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Departments of 1 Pediatrics, 2 Environmental Medicine, 3 Medicine, and 5 Pathology and 4 The Cancer Center, Strong Children's Research Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
Hyperoxic lung injury, believed to be mediated by
reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cell activation, and release of
cytotoxic cytokines, complicates the care of many critically ill
patients. The cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-
is induced in
lungs exposed to high concentrations of oxygen; however, its
contribution to hyperoxia-induced lung injury remains unclear. Both
TNF-
treatment and blockade with anti-TNF antibodies increased
survival in mice exposed to hyperoxia. In the current study, to
determine if pulmonary oxygen toxicity is dependent on either of the
TNF receptors, type I (TNFR-I) or type II (TNFR-II), TNFR-I or TNFR-II
gene-ablated [(
/
)] mice and wild-type control
mice (WT; C57BL/6) were studied in >95% oxygen. There was no
difference in average length of survival, although early survival was
better for TNFR-I(
/
) mice than for either
TNFR-II(
/
) or WT mice. At 48 h of hyperoxia, slightly more alveolar septal thickening and peribronchiolar and periarteriolar edema were detected in WT than in TNFR-I(
/
) lungs. By 84 h of oxygen exposure, TNFR-I(
/
) mice demonstrated greater
alveolar debris, inflammation, and edema than WT mice. TNFR-I was
necessary for induction of cytokine interleukin (IL)-1
, IL-1
receptor antagonist, chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein
(MIP)-1
, MIP-2, interferon-
-induced protein-10 (IP-10), and
monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 mRNA in response to
intratracheal administration of recombinant murine TNF-
. However,
IL-1
, IL-6, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, MIP-1
, MIP-2,
and MCP-1 mRNAs were comparably induced by hyperoxia in
TNFR-I(
/
) and WT lungs. In contrast, mRNA for manganese
superoxide dismutase and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were induced
by hyperoxia only in WT mice. Differences in early survival and
toxicity suggest that pulmonary oxygen toxicity is in part mediated by
TNFR-I. However, induction of specific cytokine and chemokine mRNA and
lethality in response to severe hyperoxia was independent of TNFR-I
expression. The current study supports the prediction that therapeutic
efforts to block TNF-
receptor function will not protect against
pulmonary oxygen toxicity.
oxygen toxicity; C57BL/6 mice; tumor necrosis factor receptor I knockout; tumor necrosis factor receptor II; lung inflammation; manganese superoxide dismutase; intercellular adhesion molecule-1
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