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Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
The
hypoxia-induced membrane depolarization and subsequent constriction of
small resistance pulmonary arteries occurs, in part, via inhibition of
vascular smooth muscle cell voltage-gated K+
(KV) channels open at the resting membrane potential.
Pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell KV channel
expression, antibody-based dissection of the pulmonary arterial smooth
muscle cell K+ current, and the O2 sensitivity
of cloned KV channels expressed in heterologous
expression systems have all been examined to identify the molecular
components of the pulmonary arterial O2-sensitive KV current. Likely components include Kv2.1/Kv9.3 and
Kv1.2/Kv1.5 heteromeric channels and the Kv3.1b
-subunit. Although
the mechanism of KV channel inhibition by hypoxia is
unknown, it appears that KV
-subunits do not sense
O2 directly. Rather, they are most likely inhibited through
interaction with an unidentified O2 sensor and/or
-subunit. This review summarizes the role of KV channels in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, the recent progress toward the
identification of KV channel subunits involved in this
response, and the possible mechanisms of KV channel
regulation by hypoxia.
voltage-gated potassium channel; pulmonary artery; oxygen sensor; smooth muscle
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