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EDITORIAL FOCUS

Improvement of pulmonary hypoplasia associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia by in utero CFTR gene therapy

Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stony Brook University Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, New York

Submitted 25 August 2005 ; accepted in final form 9 February 2006

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) may be an ideal candidate disease for in utero gene therapy as disrupted fetal lung growth plays a significant role in disease outcome. We previously demonstrated that transient in utero overexpression of CFTR during fetal development resulted in lung epithelial proliferation and differentiation. We hypothesized that gene therapy with CFTR would improve the pulmonary hypoplasia associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). CDH was induced by the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenyl-4-nitrophyl ether (nitrofen) following maternal ingestion at either 10 or 13 days gestation. In utero gene transfer of the CFTR gene was subsequently performed at 16 days gestation. Examination of the fetuses at 22 days gestation revealed little improvement in the CFTR-treated lungs following induction of hernias with nitrofen at 10 days gestation. However, the CFTR gene treatment significantly improved internal surface area, saccular density, overall saccular number, and amount of saccular air space in the lungs that were treated with nitrofen at 13 days gestation. RT-PCR demonstrated that gene transfer occurred following treatment at 13 days gestation but not in the lungs treated with nitrofen at 10 days gestation, despite gene transfer at the same gestational age (16 days) in both groups. As disruption of lung development correlates with the gestational stage at which nitrofen exposure occurs, these results confirmed previous findings that in utero gene transfer efficiency depends on the stage of lung development. Lung development may be significantly delayed in human CDH to allow for successful gene transfer later in gestation, providing a substantial therapeutic window.

cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; lung development

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J. R. Bourbon and A. Benachi CFTR gene therapy, a method to rescue lung hypoplasia in congenital diaphragmatic hernia? Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, July 1, 2006; 291(1): L1 - L3. [Full Text] [PDF]