HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 292/5/L1136    most recent 00371.2006v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (1) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Makanya, A. N. Articles by Djonov, V. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Makanya, A. N. Articles by Djonov, V.

Microvascular endowment in the developing chicken embryo lung

¹Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; and ²Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

Submitted 20 September 2006 ; accepted in final form 3 January 2007

In the current study, the contribution of the major angiogenic mechanisms, sprouting and intussusception, to vascular development in the avian lung has been demonstrated. Sprouting guides the emerging vessels to form the primordial vascular plexus, which successively surrounds and encloses the parabronchi. Intussusceptive angiogenesis has an upsurge from embryonic day 15 (E15) and contributes to the remarkably rapid expansion of the capillary plexus. Increased blood flow stimulates formation of pillars (the archetype of intussusception) in rows, their subsequent fusion and concomitant delineation of slender, solitary vascular entities from the disorganized meshwork, thus crafting the organ-specific angioarchitecture. Morphometric investigations revealed that sprouting is preponderant in the early period of development with a peak at E15 but is subsequently supplanted by intussusceptive angiogenesis by the time of hatching. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that moderate levels of basic FGF (bFGF) and VEGF-A were maintained during the sprouting phase while PDGF-B remained minimal. All three factors were elevated during the intussusceptive phase. Immunohistoreactivity for VEGF was mainly in the epithelial cells, whereas bFGF was confined to the stromal compartment. Temporospatial interplay between sprouting and intussusceptive angiogenesis fabricates a unique vascular angioarchitecture that contributes to the establishment of a highly efficient gas exchange system characteristic of the avian lung.

sprouting angiogenesis; intussusceptive angiogenesis; vascular patterning; lung development; blood-gas barrier

This article has been cited by other articles:

				R. Hlushchuk, O. Riesterer, O. Baum, J. Wood, G. Gruber, M. Pruschy, and V. Djonov Tumor Recovery by Angiogenic Switch from Sprouting to Intussusceptive Angiogenesis after Treatment with PTK787/ZK222584 or Ionizing Radiation Am. J. Pathol., October 1, 2008; 173(4): 1173 - 1185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Loscertales, A. J. Mikels, J. K.-H. Hu, P. K. Donahoe, and D. J. Roberts Chick pulmonary Wnt5a directs airway and vascular tubulogenesis Development, April 1, 2008; 135(7): 1365 - 1376. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]