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Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 294: L830-L840, 2008. First published March 14, 2008; doi:10.1152/ajplung.00007.2008
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INVITED REVIEW

Xanthine oxidoreductase in respiratory and cardiovascular disorders

Adel Boueiz, Mahendra Damarla, and Paul M. Hassoun

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

In addition to its critical role in purine metabolism, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) has been implicated in the development of tissue oxidative damage in a wide variety of respiratory and cardiovascular disorders such as acute lung injury, ischemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, heart failure, and arterial hypertension. Although much remains to be clarified about the regulation and signaling pathways of this enzyme, it is quite evident from abundant investigation in animal models and some human trials that XOR inhibition can favorably alter critical disease processes and impact outcomes. From promising bench-to-bedside data, a better understanding of this enigmatic enzyme is emerging. However, the positive findings related to XOR inhibition need to be confirmed in large-scale, well-designed clinical trials. This will hopefully provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. This article reviews the available evidence involving XOR in oxidative states with specific emphasis on respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.

xanthine oxidase; xanthine dehydrogenase; respiratory diseases; cardiovascular diseases; reactive oxygen species; oxidative stress


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: P. M. Hassoun, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Univ. School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224 (e-mail: phassoun{at}jhmi.edu)






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